From 1abec158866b32d015f754877172c507dd9d57fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Welch <erik.n.welch@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2025 17:50:35 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/8] Support Python 3.14 (and drop Python 3.9)

---
 .github/workflows/test.yml      |  2 +-
 .pre-commit-config.yaml         | 24 +++++++++++++-----------
 Dockerfile                      |  6 +++---
 build_graphblas_cffi.py         |  2 +-
 pyproject.toml                  | 10 ++++++----
 suitesparse_graphblas/utils.pyx |  6 ++++++
 6 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 508d4a7..9619d60 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
         source: ["conda-forge"]
         # os: ["ubuntu-latest"]
         # source: ["source"]
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: [ "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
     steps:
     - name: Checkout
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 2a8fd94..131b537 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ repos:
       - id: mixed-line-ending
         args: [--fix=lf]
       - id: trailing-whitespace
+      - id: name-tests-test
+        args: ["--pytest-test-first"]
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
     rev: v0.24.1
     hooks:
@@ -39,16 +41,16 @@ repos:
       - id: autoflake
         args: [--in-place]
   - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
-    rev: 6.0.1
+    rev: 7.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: isort
   - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.20.0
+    rev: v3.21.0
     hooks:
       - id: pyupgrade
-        args: [--py39-plus]
+        args: [--py310-plus]
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 25.1.0
+    rev: 25.9.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ repos:
         - flake8==7.3.0
         - flake8-comprehensions==3.17.0
         - flake8-bugbear==24.12.12
-        # - flake8-simplify==0.21.0
+        # - flake8-simplify==0.22.0
   - repo: https://github.com/asottile/yesqa
     rev: v1.5.0
     hooks:
@@ -69,13 +71,13 @@ repos:
         additional_dependencies: *flake8_dependencies
   # `pyroma` may help keep our package standards up to date if best practices change.
   # This is a "low value" check though and too slow to run as part of pre-commit.
-  # - repo: https://github.com/regebro/pyroma
-  #   rev: "4.2"
-  #   hooks:
-  #     - id: pyroma
-  #       args: [-n, "10", .]
+  - repo: https://github.com/regebro/pyroma
+    rev: "5.0"
+    hooks:
+      - id: pyroma
+        args: [-n, "10", .]
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.33.3
+    rev: 0.34.1
     hooks:
       - id: check-dependabot
       - id: check-github-workflows
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index fa101e5..f20e91f 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-ARG BASE_CONTAINER=python:3.9-slim-buster
+ARG BASE_CONTAINER=python:3.10-slim-buster
 FROM ${BASE_CONTAINER} as suitesparse
 ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
 
 COPY --from=suitesparse  /usr/include/GraphBLAS.h /usr/local/include/
 COPY --from=suitesparse /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgraphblas* /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
-COPY --from=suitesparse /build/pycparser/utils/fake_libc_include/* /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pycparser/utils/fake_libc_include/
+COPY --from=suitesparse /build/pycparser/utils/fake_libc_include/* /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pycparser/utils/fake_libc_include/
 
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -yq build-essential git
 RUN pip3 install numpy cffi pytest cython
@@ -44,4 +44,4 @@ RUN apt-get -y --purge remove git python3-pip && apt-get clean
 FROM ${BASE_CONTAINER}
 COPY --from=suitesparse /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgraphblas* /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
 COPY --from=suitesparse /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgomp* /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
-COPY --from=psg /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages
+COPY --from=psg /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages
diff --git a/build_graphblas_cffi.py b/build_graphblas_cffi.py
index 7548102..94594e6 100644
--- a/build_graphblas_cffi.py
+++ b/build_graphblas_cffi.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # GraphBLAS_ROOT env var can point to the root directory of GraphBLAS to link against.
 # Expected subdirectories: include/ (contains GraphBLAS.h), lib/, and bin/ (on Windows only)
 # Otherwise fallback to default system folders.
-graphblas_root = os.environ.get("GraphBLAS_ROOT", None)
+graphblas_root = os.environ.get("GraphBLAS_ROOT")
 
 if not graphblas_root:
     # Windows wheels.yml configures suitesparse.sh to install GraphBLAS to "C:\\GraphBLAS".
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 3a47125..929fbba 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ requires = [
     "setuptools-git-versioning",
     "wheel",
     "cffi>=1.11",
-    "cython",
+    "cython; python_version<'3.14'",
+    "cython>=3.1; python_version>='3.14'",
     "numpy>=2.0",
 ]
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ name = "suitesparse-graphblas"
 dynamic = ["version"]
 description = "SuiteSparse:GraphBLAS Python bindings."
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = {file = "LICENSE"}
 authors = [
     {name = "Erik Welch", email = "erik.n.welch@gmail.com"},
@@ -51,12 +52,13 @@ classifiers = [
     "Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows",
     "Programming Language :: Python",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: Free Threading :: 2 - Beta",
     "Intended Audience :: Developers",
     "Intended Audience :: Other Audience",
     "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ dirty_template = "{tag}+{ccount}.g{sha}.dirty"
 
 [tool.black]
 line-length = 100
-target-version = ["py39", "py310", "py311", "py312", "py313"]
+target-version = ["py310", "py311", "py312", "py313", "py314"]
 
 [tool.isort]
 sections = ["FUTURE", "STDLIB", "THIRDPARTY", "FIRSTPARTY", "LOCALFOLDER"]
diff --git a/suitesparse_graphblas/utils.pyx b/suitesparse_graphblas/utils.pyx
index 95d2f1b..5c9ae99 100644
--- a/suitesparse_graphblas/utils.pyx
+++ b/suitesparse_graphblas/utils.pyx
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+# cython: freethreading_compatible=True
+#
+# We don't do anything special to support free-threading, but GraphBLAS C
+# libraries are required to be thread-safe, so things should "just work".
+# Of course, users writing multithreaded code can find many creative ways
+# to fail, but python-suitesparse-graphblas shouldn't crash.
 import numpy as np
 from cpython.ref cimport Py_INCREF
 from libc.stdint cimport uintptr_t

From 85c335d9cce96a2250dfc68c7d1c157530016498 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Welch <erik.n.welch@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2025 18:17:25 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/8] Update pypa/cibuildwheel from 2.22 to 3.2.1 (and others)

---
 .github/workflows/lint.yml             |  4 ++--
 .github/workflows/test.yml             |  2 +-
 .github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml |  4 ++--
 .github/workflows/wheels.yml           | 10 +++++-----
 pyproject.toml                         |  1 +
 5 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint.yml b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
index 4140839..c1dc616 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ jobs:
     name: pre-commit-hooks
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: "3.10"
       - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 9619d60..ab3b4d6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
         python-version: [ "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
     steps:
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - name: Conda
diff --git a/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml b/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml
index 153f1a7..939f5d5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'GraphBLAS/python-suitesparse-graphblas' || github.repository == 'alugowski/python-suitesparse-graphblas'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
index 20434c0..062d7c9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build SDist
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
             cibw_archs: "arm64"
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ jobs:
           brew fetch --retry libomp && brew reinstall libomp
           echo MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$(otool -l $(brew --prefix libomp)/lib/libomp.dylib | grep minos | awk '{print $2}') >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-      - uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.22
+      - uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.2.1
         with:
           output-dir: wheelhouse
         env:
@@ -207,11 +207,11 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'GraphBLAS/python-suitesparse-graphblas' && ((github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published') || (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.upload_dest != 'No Upload'))
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: "3.x"
 
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
         with:
           path: dist
           merge-multiple: true
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 929fbba..5442f49 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ requires = [
     "setuptools-git-versioning",
     "wheel",
     "cffi>=1.11",
+    # Free-threading in Python 3.14 requires Cython >=3.1
     "cython; python_version<'3.14'",
     "cython>=3.1; python_version>='3.14'",
     "numpy>=2.0",

From 559288622ae11f58bb4709b3e474b985e5807b8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Welch <erik.n.welch@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 19:53:07 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/8] Change cibuildwheel back to v2.22

---
 .github/workflows/wheels.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
index 062d7c9..a24a653 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ jobs:
           brew fetch --retry libomp && brew reinstall libomp
           echo MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$(otool -l $(brew --prefix libomp)/lib/libomp.dylib | grep minos | awk '{print $2}') >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-      - uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.2.1
+      - uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.22
         with:
           output-dir: wheelhouse
         env:

From 181719498c32931c2b7e5de5e4c892c80dd307ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Welch <erik.n.welch@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 08:12:44 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/8] Don't run pyroma

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 131b537..aebc857 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ repos:
         additional_dependencies: *flake8_dependencies
   # `pyroma` may help keep our package standards up to date if best practices change.
   # This is a "low value" check though and too slow to run as part of pre-commit.
-  - repo: https://github.com/regebro/pyroma
-    rev: "5.0"
-    hooks:
-      - id: pyroma
-        args: [-n, "10", .]
+  # - repo: https://github.com/regebro/pyroma
+  #   rev: "5.0"
+  #   hooks:
+  #     - id: pyroma
+  #       args: [-n, "10", .]
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
     rev: 0.34.1
     hooks:

From 5fc0ec0867d32aa1ddf848b4b394277180526228 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Welch <erik.n.welch@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 08:15:31 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] persist-credentials: false

---
 .github/workflows/lint.yml             | 3 +++
 .github/workflows/test.yml             | 1 +
 .github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml | 1 +
 .github/workflows/wheels.yml           | 2 ++
 4 files changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint.yml b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
index c1dc616..be2f338 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: "3.10"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index ab3b4d6..7b70df0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
+        persist-credentials: false
     - name: Conda
       uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
       with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml b/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml
index 939f5d5..8a0ad69 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
index a24a653..e47b0a4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build SDist
         run: pipx run build --sdist
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       # aarch64 Linux builds are cross-compiled on x86 runners using emulation
       # see https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation

From c97eee790dbd1c6d7f2747818d70823c02a0ee19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Welch <erik.n.welch@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Mar 2026 13:18:08 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 6/8] Update to GraphBLAS 10.3.1, drop Python 3.10, modernize
 packaging and CI

- Update SuiteSparse:GraphBLAS from 10.1.1 to 10.3.1
  - Regenerate headers (GPU_ID -> GPU_IDS, add NGPUS, PRINT_FUNCTION)
- Drop Python 3.10 support (minimum now 3.11)
- PEP 639: license = "Apache-2.0" with license-files
- Bump setuptools >= 77, numpy >= 1.24
- Update CI: cibuildwheel v2 -> v3.4, checkout v6, QEMU v4, create-pull-request v8
  - Enable PyPy and free-threading explicitly (CIBW_ENABLE)
  - Fix manylinux_2_28 package manager (dnf instead of yum)
- Update pre-commit hooks (black 26.3.1, isort 8.0.1, pyupgrade 3.21.2, etc.)
  - Add shellcheck, pygrep-hooks; enable check-executables-have-shebangs
- Fix shellcheck warnings in docker_build.sh and suitesparse.sh
---
 .github/workflows/lint.yml                    |  4 +--
 .github/workflows/test.yml                    |  4 +--
 .github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml        |  4 +--
 .github/workflows/wheels.yml                  | 30 +++++++++--------
 .pre-commit-config.yaml                       | 32 +++++++++++++------
 GB_VERSION.txt                                |  2 +-
 docker_build.sh                               | 23 ++++++-------
 pyproject.toml                                | 14 ++++----
 suitesparse.sh                                | 16 ++++++----
 suitesparse_graphblas/create_headers.py       |  3 +-
 suitesparse_graphblas/io/binary.py            |  6 ++--
 suitesparse_graphblas/suitesparse_graphblas.h | 14 +++++---
 .../suitesparse_graphblas_no_complex.h        | 14 +++++---
 13 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint.yml b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
index be2f338..63644a1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ jobs:
     name: pre-commit-hooks
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
-          python-version: "3.10"
+          python-version: "3.11"
       - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 7b70df0..0c93034 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ jobs:
         source: ["conda-forge"]
         # os: ["ubuntu-latest"]
         # source: ["source"]
-        python-version: [ "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python-version: ["3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
     steps:
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
         persist-credentials: false
diff --git a/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml b/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml
index 8a0ad69..532072f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update_graphblas.yml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'GraphBLAS/python-suitesparse-graphblas' || github.repository == 'alugowski/python-suitesparse-graphblas'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
 
       - name: Create Pull Request
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v8
         with:
           # See documentation: https://github.com/peter-evans/create-pull-request
           # Action behavior: https://github.com/peter-evans/create-pull-request#action-behaviour
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
index e47b0a4..34a0829 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build SDist
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ jobs:
           # Linux x86 manylinux
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             cibw_archs: "x86_64"
-            # Python 3.12 wheel requires libffi-devel to be installed. manylinux container uses yum
-            cibw_before_build_linux: "yum install -y libffi-devel"
+            # manylinux_2_28 uses dnf (not yum). libffi-devel needed for Python 3.12+ cffi.
+            cibw_before_build_linux: "dnf install -y libffi-devel || yum install -y libffi-devel || true"
             # skip musllinux
             cibw_skip: "*musl*"
 
@@ -74,15 +74,15 @@ jobs:
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             cibw_archs: "x86_64"
             arch_note: "musl"
-            # skip manylinux (built elsewhere), PyPy (no musl numpy wheels), CPython 3.8 (no musl numpy wheels)
-            cibw_skip: "*many* pp* cp38*"
+            # skip manylinux (built elsewhere)
+            cibw_skip: "*many*"
 
           # Linux aarch64
           # Separate runner because this requires emulation (only x86 runners are available) and is very slow.
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             cibw_archs: "aarch64"
-            # numpy wheels not available for aarch64 PyPy or musllinux
-            cibw_skip: "pp* *musl*"
+            # numpy wheels not available for aarch64 musllinux
+            cibw_skip: "*musl*"
 
           # macOS x86
           # Note: keep as old as possible as due to libomp this will be the oldest supported macOS version.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
             cibw_archs: "arm64"
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ jobs:
       # see https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation
       - name: Setup QEMU (for aarch64)
         if: matrix.cibw_archs == 'aarch64'
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
         with:
           platforms: arm64
 
@@ -147,13 +147,16 @@ jobs:
           brew fetch --retry libomp && brew reinstall libomp
           echo MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$(otool -l $(brew --prefix libomp)/lib/libomp.dylib | grep minos | awk '{print $2}') >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-      - uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.22
+      - uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4
         with:
           output-dir: wheelhouse
         env:
           # very verbose
           CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY: 3
 
+          # cibuildwheel v3: PyPy and free-threading no longer built by default
+          CIBW_ENABLE: "pypy cpython-freethreading"
+
           # Build SuiteSparse
           CIBW_BEFORE_ALL: bash suitesparse.sh ${{ env.GB_VERSION_REF }}
 
@@ -174,8 +177,7 @@ jobs:
           # Architectures to build specified in matrix
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_archs }}
 
-          # as of writing numpy does not support pypy 3.10
-          CIBW_SKIP: "${{ matrix.cibw_skip }} pp310*"
+          CIBW_SKIP: "${{ matrix.cibw_skip }}"
 
           # Use delvewheel on Windows.
           # This copies graphblas.dll into the wheel. "repair" in cibuildwheel parlance includes copying any shared
@@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ jobs:
           merge-multiple: true
 
       # Upload to PyPI
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.13.0
         name: Upload to PyPI
         if: github.event_name == 'release' || (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.upload_dest == 'PyPI')
         with:
@@ -229,7 +231,7 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}
 
       # Upload to Test PyPI
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.13.0
         name: Upload to Test PyPI
         if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.upload_dest == 'Test PyPI'
         with:
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index aebc857..a88a72c 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: check-added-large-files
       - id: check-case-conflict
+      - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
       - id: check-illegal-windows-names
       - id: check-merge-conflict
       - id: check-ast
       - id: check-toml
       - id: check-yaml
-      # - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
       - id: check-vcs-permalinks
       - id: debug-statements
       - id: destroyed-symlinks
@@ -31,26 +31,26 @@ repos:
       - id: name-tests-test
         args: ["--pytest-test-first"]
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
-    rev: v0.24.1
+    rev: v0.25
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
         name: Validate pyproject.toml
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/autoflake
-    rev: v2.3.1
+    rev: v2.3.3
     hooks:
       - id: autoflake
         args: [--in-place]
   - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
-    rev: 7.0.0
+    rev: 8.0.1
     hooks:
       - id: isort
   - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.21.0
+    rev: v3.21.2
     hooks:
       - id: pyupgrade
-        args: [--py310-plus]
+        args: [--py311-plus]
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 25.9.0
+    rev: 26.3.1
     hooks:
       - id: black
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ repos:
         # These versions need updated manually
         - flake8==7.3.0
         - flake8-comprehensions==3.17.0
-        - flake8-bugbear==24.12.12
+        - flake8-bugbear==25.11.29
         # - flake8-simplify==0.22.0
   - repo: https://github.com/asottile/yesqa
     rev: v1.5.0
@@ -72,12 +72,24 @@ repos:
   # `pyroma` may help keep our package standards up to date if best practices change.
   # This is a "low value" check though and too slow to run as part of pre-commit.
   # - repo: https://github.com/regebro/pyroma
-  #   rev: "5.0"
+  #   rev: "5.0.1"
   #   hooks:
   #     - id: pyroma
   #       args: [-n, "10", .]
+  - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
+    rev: "v0.11.0.1"
+    hooks:
+      - id: shellcheck
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks
+    rev: v1.10.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: python-check-blanket-noqa
+      - id: python-check-blanket-type-ignore
+      - id: python-no-eval
+      - id: python-no-log-warn
+      - id: text-unicode-replacement-char
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.34.1
+    rev: 0.37.0
     hooks:
       - id: check-dependabot
       - id: check-github-workflows
diff --git a/GB_VERSION.txt b/GB_VERSION.txt
index 2312799..a936832 100644
--- a/GB_VERSION.txt
+++ b/GB_VERSION.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-10.1.1
+10.3.1
diff --git a/docker_build.sh b/docker_build.sh
index 31e2b25..77d3d80 100755
--- a/docker_build.sh
+++ b/docker_build.sh
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 if [ $# -eq 0 ]
     then
         echo "Usage: ./docker_build.sh SUITESPARSE_BRANCH VERSION [BRANCH LOCATION PUSH]
@@ -21,29 +22,29 @@ COMPACT=${COMPACT:-0}
 if [ "$LOCATION" = "clone" ]
 then
     TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d)
-    if [ ! -e $TMPDIR ]; then
+    if [ ! -e "$TMPDIR" ]; then
         >&2 echo "Failed to create temp directory"
         exit 1
     fi
     trap "exit 1"           HUP INT PIPE QUIT TERM
     trap 'rm -rf "$TMPDIR"' EXIT
 
-    cd $TMPDIR
-    git clone --branch $BRANCH https://github.com/GraphBLAS/python-suitesparse-graphblas.git
-    cd python-suitesparse-graphblas
+    cd "$TMPDIR" || exit
+    git clone --branch "$BRANCH" https://github.com/GraphBLAS/python-suitesparse-graphblas.git
+    cd python-suitesparse-graphblas || exit
 fi
 
 docker build \
-       --build-arg SUITESPARSE=${SUITESPARSE} \
-       --build-arg VERSION=${VERSION} \
-       --build-arg COMPACT=${COMPACT} \
-       -t $IMAGE:$VERSION \
+       --build-arg SUITESPARSE="${SUITESPARSE}" \
+       --build-arg VERSION="${VERSION}" \
+       --build-arg COMPACT="${COMPACT}" \
+       -t "$IMAGE:$VERSION" \
        .
 
-docker tag $IMAGE:$VERSION $IMAGE:latest
+docker tag "$IMAGE:$VERSION" "$IMAGE:latest"
 
 if [ "$PUSH" = "push" ]
 then
-    docker push $IMAGE:$VERSION
-    docker push $IMAGE:latest
+    docker push "$IMAGE:$VERSION"
+    docker push "$IMAGE:latest"
 fi
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 5442f49..976de9b 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 [build-system]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 requires = [
-    # setuptools<74 until PyPy vendors cffi 1.15.1
-    "setuptools >=64, <74",
+    "setuptools >=77",
     "setuptools-git-versioning",
     "wheel",
     "cffi>=1.11",
@@ -17,8 +16,9 @@ name = "suitesparse-graphblas"
 dynamic = ["version"]
 description = "SuiteSparse:GraphBLAS Python bindings."
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.10"
-license = {file = "LICENSE"}
+requires-python = ">=3.11"
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+license-files = ["LICENSE"]
 authors = [
     {name = "Erik Welch", email = "erik.n.welch@gmail.com"},
     {name = "Jim Kitchen"},
@@ -47,13 +47,11 @@ keywords = [
 ]
 classifiers = [
     "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
-    "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
     "Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X",
     "Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux",
     "Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows",
     "Programming Language :: Python",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
@@ -70,7 +68,7 @@ classifiers = [
 ]
 dependencies = [
     "cffi>=1.15",
-    "numpy>=1.23",
+    "numpy>=1.24",
 ]
 [project.urls]
 homepage = "https://github.com/GraphBLAS/python-suitesparse-graphblas"
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ dirty_template = "{tag}+{ccount}.g{sha}.dirty"
 
 [tool.black]
 line-length = 100
-target-version = ["py310", "py311", "py312", "py313", "py314"]
+target-version = ["py311", "py312", "py313", "py314"]
 
 [tool.isort]
 sections = ["FUTURE", "STDLIB", "THIRDPARTY", "FIRSTPARTY", "LOCALFOLDER"]
diff --git a/suitesparse.sh b/suitesparse.sh
index f804f40..0b47855 100755
--- a/suitesparse.sh
+++ b/suitesparse.sh
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ elif [[ $1 =~ refs/tags/([0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*)\..*$ ]]; then
     VERSION=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
 else
     echo "Specify a SuiteSparse version, such as: $0 refs/tags/7.4.3.0 (got: $1)"
-    exit -1
+    exit 1
 fi
-echo VERSION: $VERSION
+echo VERSION: "$VERSION"
 
 NPROC="$(nproc)"
 if [ -z "${NPROC}" ]; then
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ if [ -n "${BREW_LIBOMP}" ]; then
     cmake_params+=(-DOpenMP_C_FLAGS="-Xclang -fopenmp -I$(brew --prefix libomp)/include")
     cmake_params+=(-DOpenMP_C_LIB_NAMES="libomp")
     cmake_params+=(-DOpenMP_libomp_LIBRARY="omp")
-    export LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix libomp)/lib"
+    LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix libomp)/lib"
+    export LDFLAGS
 
     if [ -n "${SUITESPARSE_MACOS_ARCH}" ]; then
         export CFLAGS="-arch ${SUITESPARSE_MACOS_ARCH}"
@@ -50,12 +51,13 @@ if [ -n "${GRAPHBLAS_PREFIX}" ]; then
     cmake_params+=(-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="${GRAPHBLAS_PREFIX}")
 fi
 
-curl -L https://github.com/DrTimothyAldenDavis/GraphBLAS/archive/refs/tags/v${VERSION}.tar.gz | tar xzf -
-cd GraphBLAS-${VERSION}/build
+curl -L "https://github.com/DrTimothyAldenDavis/GraphBLAS/archive/refs/tags/v${VERSION}.tar.gz" | tar xzf -
+cd "GraphBLAS-${VERSION}/build" || exit
 
 # Disable optimizing some rarely-used types for significantly faster builds and significantly smaller wheel size.
 # Also the build with all types enabled sometimes stalls on GitHub Actions. Probably due to exceeded resource limits.
 # These can still be used, they'll just have reduced performance (AFAIK similar to UDTs).
+# shellcheck disable=SC2129
 # echo "#define GxB_NO_BOOL      1" >> ../Source/GB_control.h #
 # echo "#define GxB_NO_FP32      1" >> ../Source/GB_control.h #
 # echo "#define GxB_NO_FP64      1" >> ../Source/GB_control.h #
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ if [ -n "${SUITESPARSE_FAST_BUILD}" ]; then
     echo "suitesparse.sh: Fast build requested."
     # Disable optimizing even more types. This is for builds that don't finish in runner resource limits,
     # such as emulated aarm64.
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2129
 
 #    echo "#define GxB_NO_BOOL      1" >> ../Source/GB_control.h
 #    echo "#define GxB_NO_FP32      1" >> ../Source/GB_control.h
@@ -93,6 +96,7 @@ fi
 if [ -n "${SUITESPARSE_FASTEST_BUILD}" ]; then
     echo "suitesparse.sh: Fastest build requested."
     # Fastest build possible. For use in development and automated tests that do not depend on performance.
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2129
 
     echo "#define GxB_NO_BOOL      1" >> ../Source/GB_control.h
     echo "#define GxB_NO_FP32      1" >> ../Source/GB_control.h
@@ -137,7 +141,7 @@ else
 fi
 
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -G 'Unix Makefiles' "${cmake_params[@]}"
-make -j$NPROC
+make -j"$NPROC"
 $SUDO make install
 
 if [ -n "${CMAKE_GNUtoMS}" ]; then
diff --git a/suitesparse_graphblas/create_headers.py b/suitesparse_graphblas/create_headers.py
index fbfbd0f..0ec57fb 100644
--- a/suitesparse_graphblas/create_headers.py
+++ b/suitesparse_graphblas/create_headers.py
@@ -279,7 +279,8 @@ def groupby(index, seq):
     "GRB_SUBVERSION",
     "GxB_NTHREADS",
     "GxB_CHUNK",
-    "GxB_GPU_ID",
+    "GxB_GPU_IDS",
+    "GxB_NGPUS",
     "GxB_HYPERSPARSE",
     "GxB_SPARSE",
     "GxB_BITMAP",
diff --git a/suitesparse_graphblas/io/binary.py b/suitesparse_graphblas/io/binary.py
index 0248e7b..4e95931 100644
--- a/suitesparse_graphblas/io/binary.py
+++ b/suitesparse_graphblas/io/binary.py
@@ -6,11 +6,9 @@
 from suitesparse_graphblas import __version__, check_status, ffi, lib, matrix
 
 stdffi = FFI()
-stdffi.cdef(
-    """
+stdffi.cdef("""
 void *malloc(size_t size);
-"""
-)
+""")
 stdlib = stdffi.dlopen(find_library("c"))
 
 # When "packing" a matrix the owner of the memory buffer is transfered
diff --git a/suitesparse_graphblas/suitesparse_graphblas.h b/suitesparse_graphblas/suitesparse_graphblas.h
index f0a4b44..2e3e66b 100644
--- a/suitesparse_graphblas/suitesparse_graphblas.h
+++ b/suitesparse_graphblas/suitesparse_graphblas.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ typedef struct GB_SelectOp_opaque *GxB_SelectOp;
 typedef struct GxB_Container_struct *GxB_Container;
 
 /* GxB typedefs (functions) */
+typedef int64_t (*GxB_print_function)(char *string, size_t string_size, const void *value, int verbose);
 typedef void (*GxB_binary_function)(void *, const void *, const void *);
 typedef void (*GxB_index_binary_function)(void *, const void *, GrB_Index, GrB_Index, const void *, GrB_Index, GrB_Index, const void *);
 typedef void (*GxB_index_unary_function)(void *z, const void *x, GrB_Index i, GrB_Index j, const void *y);
@@ -166,7 +167,8 @@ typedef enum
 {
   GxB_CONTEXT_NTHREADS = 7086,
   GxB_CONTEXT_CHUNK = 7087,
-  GxB_CONTEXT_GPU_ID = 7088
+  GxB_CONTEXT_NGPUS = 7102,
+  GxB_CONTEXT_GPU_IDS = 7101
 } GxB_Context_Field;
 
 typedef enum
@@ -256,7 +258,9 @@ typedef enum
   GxB_FREE_FUNCTION = 7040,
   GxB_GLOBAL_NTHREADS = 7086,
   GxB_GLOBAL_CHUNK = 7087,
-  GxB_GLOBAL_GPU_ID = 7088,
+  GxB_GLOBAL_NGPUS = 7102,
+  GxB_GLOBAL_GPU_IDS = 7101,
+  GxB_NGPUS_MAX = 7103,
   GxB_BURBLE = 7019,
   GxB_PRINTF = 7020,
   GxB_FLUSH = 7021,
@@ -273,7 +277,8 @@ typedef enum
   GxB_JIT_C_CMAKE_LIBS = 7031,
   GxB_JIT_USE_CMAKE = 7032,
   GxB_JIT_ERROR_LOG = 7033,
-  GxB_JIT_CUDA_PREFACE = 7100
+  GxB_JIT_CUDA_PREFACE = 7100,
+  GxB_PRINT_FUNCTION = 7104
 } GxB_Option_Field;
 
 typedef enum
@@ -3757,7 +3762,7 @@ GrB_Info GxB_unload_Vector_into_Container(GrB_Vector V, GxB_Container Container,
 #define GxB_END ...
 #define GxB_FAST_IMPORT ...
 #define GxB_FULL ...
-#define GxB_GPU_ID ...
+#define GxB_GPU_IDS ...
 #define GxB_HYPERSPARSE ...
 #define GxB_IMPLEMENTATION ...
 #define GxB_IMPLEMENTATION_MAJOR ...
@@ -3767,6 +3772,7 @@ GrB_Info GxB_unload_Vector_into_Container(GrB_Vector V, GxB_Container Container,
 #define GxB_INDEX_MAX ...
 #define GxB_MAX_NAME_LEN ...
 #define GxB_NBITMAP_SWITCH ...
+#define GxB_NGPUS ...
 #define GxB_NTHREADS ...
 #define GxB_RANGE ...
 #define GxB_SPARSE ...
diff --git a/suitesparse_graphblas/suitesparse_graphblas_no_complex.h b/suitesparse_graphblas/suitesparse_graphblas_no_complex.h
index 86a6798..4376bec 100644
--- a/suitesparse_graphblas/suitesparse_graphblas_no_complex.h
+++ b/suitesparse_graphblas/suitesparse_graphblas_no_complex.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ typedef struct GB_SelectOp_opaque *GxB_SelectOp;
 typedef struct GxB_Container_struct *GxB_Container;
 
 /* GxB typedefs (functions) */
+typedef int64_t (*GxB_print_function)(char *string, size_t string_size, const void *value, int verbose);
 typedef void (*GxB_binary_function)(void *, const void *, const void *);
 typedef void (*GxB_index_binary_function)(void *, const void *, GrB_Index, GrB_Index, const void *, GrB_Index, GrB_Index, const void *);
 typedef void (*GxB_index_unary_function)(void *z, const void *x, GrB_Index i, GrB_Index j, const void *y);
@@ -162,7 +163,8 @@ typedef enum
 {
   GxB_CONTEXT_NTHREADS = 7086,
   GxB_CONTEXT_CHUNK = 7087,
-  GxB_CONTEXT_GPU_ID = 7088
+  GxB_CONTEXT_NGPUS = 7102,
+  GxB_CONTEXT_GPU_IDS = 7101
 } GxB_Context_Field;
 
 typedef enum
@@ -252,7 +254,9 @@ typedef enum
   GxB_FREE_FUNCTION = 7040,
   GxB_GLOBAL_NTHREADS = 7086,
   GxB_GLOBAL_CHUNK = 7087,
-  GxB_GLOBAL_GPU_ID = 7088,
+  GxB_GLOBAL_NGPUS = 7102,
+  GxB_GLOBAL_GPU_IDS = 7101,
+  GxB_NGPUS_MAX = 7103,
   GxB_BURBLE = 7019,
   GxB_PRINTF = 7020,
   GxB_FLUSH = 7021,
@@ -269,7 +273,8 @@ typedef enum
   GxB_JIT_C_CMAKE_LIBS = 7031,
   GxB_JIT_USE_CMAKE = 7032,
   GxB_JIT_ERROR_LOG = 7033,
-  GxB_JIT_CUDA_PREFACE = 7100
+  GxB_JIT_CUDA_PREFACE = 7100,
+  GxB_PRINT_FUNCTION = 7104
 } GxB_Option_Field;
 
 typedef enum
@@ -3523,7 +3528,7 @@ GrB_Info GxB_unload_Vector_into_Container(GrB_Vector V, GxB_Container Container,
 #define GxB_END ...
 #define GxB_FAST_IMPORT ...
 #define GxB_FULL ...
-#define GxB_GPU_ID ...
+#define GxB_GPU_IDS ...
 #define GxB_HYPERSPARSE ...
 #define GxB_IMPLEMENTATION ...
 #define GxB_IMPLEMENTATION_MAJOR ...
@@ -3533,6 +3538,7 @@ GrB_Info GxB_unload_Vector_into_Container(GrB_Vector V, GxB_Container Container,
 #define GxB_INDEX_MAX ...
 #define GxB_MAX_NAME_LEN ...
 #define GxB_NBITMAP_SWITCH ...
+#define GxB_NGPUS ...
 #define GxB_NTHREADS ...
 #define GxB_RANGE ...
 #define GxB_SPARSE ...

From 470074f1e25676ba18d52e3dfc308138b0553315 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Welch <erik.n.welch@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Mar 2026 13:41:35 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 7/8] Don't enable cpython-freethreading wheels yet

---
 .github/workflows/wheels.yml | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
index 34a0829..020e795 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
@@ -154,8 +154,9 @@ jobs:
           # very verbose
           CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY: 3
 
-          # cibuildwheel v3: PyPy and free-threading no longer built by default
-          CIBW_ENABLE: "pypy cpython-freethreading"
+          # cibuildwheel v3: PyPy no longer built by default; enable explicitly
+          # Note: cpython-freethreading not enabled because cffi doesn't support it yet
+          CIBW_ENABLE: "pypy"
 
           # Build SuiteSparse
           CIBW_BEFORE_ALL: bash suitesparse.sh ${{ env.GB_VERSION_REF }}

From 276c8c4d05a50322e9436584fa0ad9542c951cbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Welch <erik.n.welch@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Mar 2026 14:25:22 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] Update wheel build matrix: native ARM runner, macOS 15

- Replace QEMU-emulated aarch64 with native ubuntu-24.04-arm runner
- Replace deprecated macos-13 with macos-15-intel
- Remove QEMU setup and SUITESPARSE_FAST_BUILD (no longer needed)
---
 .github/workflows/wheels.yml | 36 ++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
index 020e795..05bebdd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
           - os: windows-latest
             cibw_archs: "auto64"
 
-          # Linux x86 manylinux
+          # Linux x86_64 manylinux
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             cibw_archs: "x86_64"
             # manylinux_2_28 uses dnf (not yum). libffi-devel needed for Python 3.12+ cffi.
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ jobs:
             # skip musllinux
             cibw_skip: "*musl*"
 
-          # Linux x86 musllinux
+          # Linux x86_64 musllinux
           # Separate runner for a Musl build of graphblas. The glibc build is not guaranteed to be compatible.
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             cibw_archs: "x86_64"
@@ -77,20 +77,19 @@ jobs:
             # skip manylinux (built elsewhere)
             cibw_skip: "*many*"
 
-          # Linux aarch64
-          # Separate runner because this requires emulation (only x86 runners are available) and is very slow.
-          - os: ubuntu-latest
-            cibw_archs: "aarch64"
+          # Linux aarch64 — native ARM runner (no QEMU emulation needed)
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cibw_archs: "auto"
             # numpy wheels not available for aarch64 musllinux
             cibw_skip: "*musl*"
 
-          # macOS x86
-          # Note: keep as old as possible as due to libomp this will be the oldest supported macOS version.
-          - os: macos-13
+          # macOS x86_64 — macos-15-intel is the last Intel macOS runner.
+          # libomp from Homebrew determines the minimum supported macOS version.
+          - os: macos-15-intel
             cibw_archs: "x86_64"
 
           # macOS Apple Silicon
-          # Note: keep as old as possible as due to libomp this will be the oldest supported macOS version.
+          # Keep runner version as old as possible: libomp determines minimum macOS version.
           - os: macos-14
             cibw_archs: "arm64"
 
@@ -100,21 +99,6 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      # aarch64 Linux builds are cross-compiled on x86 runners using emulation
-      # see https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation
-      - name: Setup QEMU (for aarch64)
-        if: matrix.cibw_archs == 'aarch64'
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
-        with:
-          platforms: arm64
-
-      - name: Setup env (for aarch64)
-        if: matrix.cibw_archs == 'aarch64'
-        # Ask suitesparse.sh to compile faster by optimizing fewer types. Otherwise, the build takes too long to finish
-        # in 6 hour limit.
-        run: |
-          echo "SUITESPARSE_FAST_BUILD=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
       - name: Setup for testing
         if: github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'pull_request'
         # Ask suitesparse.sh to compile in the fastest way possible and provide a GB version to build
@@ -163,7 +147,7 @@ jobs:
 
           CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_LINUX: ${{ matrix.cibw_before_build_linux }}
 
-          CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX: SUITESPARSE_FAST_BUILD SUITESPARSE_FASTEST_BUILD
+          CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX: SUITESPARSE_FASTEST_BUILD
 
           # CMAKE_GNUtoMS=ON asks suitesparse.sh to build libraries in MSVC style on Windows.
           CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS: CMAKE_GNUtoMS=ON GRAPHBLAS_PREFIX="C:/GraphBLAS"