diff --git a/app/models/rental.rb b/app/models/rental.rb
index e001ff37c..397b590d1 100644
--- a/app/models/rental.rb
+++ b/app/models/rental.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 class Rental < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :customer
   belongs_to :movie
+
+  validates :customer_id, presence: true
+  validates :movie_id, presence: true
+  validates :due_date, presence: true 
 end
diff --git a/test/models/customer_test.rb b/test/models/customer_test.rb
index c55490b8d..e3ce77543 100644
--- a/test/models/customer_test.rb
+++ b/test/models/customer_test.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@
       c = Customer.new(registered_at: "Date registered", address: "An address", city: "Seattle", state: "WA", postal_code: "zip", phone: "111111111", account_credit: 15.50)
 
       c.wont_be :valid?
+      c.errors.messages.must_include :name
 
-      # can't be saved because it isn't valid 
+      # can't be saved because it isn't valid
       c.save
       Customer.count.must_equal start_count
 
diff --git a/test/models/rental_test.rb b/test/models/rental_test.rb
index 0bea59f1c..4b9e9633b 100644
--- a/test/models/rental_test.rb
+++ b/test/models/rental_test.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,26 @@
 require "test_helper"
 
 describe Rental do
+  describe "validations" do
+    it "can be created when all fields are given" do
+      cus_id = Customer.first.id
+      mov_id = Movie.first.id
+      r = Rental.new(customer_id: cus_id, movie_id: mov_id, due_date: Date.new(2017, 12, 1))
 
-end
+      r.must_be :valid?
+    end # can be created
+
+    it "can't be created without a customer_id, movie_id, or due_date" do
+      start_count = Rental.count
+      r = Rental.new()
+
+      r.wont_be :valid?
+      r.errors.messages.must_include :customer_id
+      r.errors.messages.must_include :movie_id
+      r.errors.messages.must_include :due_date
+
+      r.save
+      Rental.count.must_equal start_count
+    end
+  end # validations
+end # Rental