Add support for Time/Time64 columns

[slabko]

This PR implements support for Time and Time64 columns. The columns return int32_t and int64_t, respectively, and do not wrap the values into any other types. This gives users the flexibility to choose their own preferred representation of the data. For example, they can use std::chrono::duration, std::chrono::hh_mm_ss, or other libraries such as the Howard Hinnant Date library.

The examples below use std::chrono::zoned_time and std::chrono::hh_mm_ss, which are available in C++20.

// Create table
client.Execute(
    R"(CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE time (
        id UInt64,
        time Time,
        time64_0 Time64(0),
        time64_3 Time64(3),
        time64_6 Time64(6),
    )
    ENGINE MergeTree
    ORDER BY id)");

// Prepare values to insert
auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
auto local_now = std::chrono::zoned_time(std::chrono::current_zone(), now).get_local_time();
auto day = std::chrono::floor<std::chrono::days>(local_now);
auto time_of_day = local_now - day;
auto time = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(time_of_day);
auto time64_0 = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(time_of_day);
auto time64_3 = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(time_of_day);
auto time64_6 = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(time_of_day);

// Insert
clickhouse::Block block = client.BeginInsert("INSERT INTO time VALUES");
block[0]->AsStrict<clickhouse::ColumnUInt64>()->Append(2);
block[1]->AsStrict<clickhouse::ColumnTime>()->Append(static_cast<int32_t>(time.count()));
block[2]->AsStrict<clickhouse::ColumnTime64>()->Append(time64_0.count());
block[3]->AsStrict<clickhouse::ColumnTime64>()->Append(time64_3.count());
block[4]->AsStrict<clickhouse::ColumnTime64>()->Append(time64_6.count());
block.RefreshRowCount();
client.SendInsertBlock(block);
client.EndInsert();

// Select
client.Select(
    "SELECT * FROM time",
    [](const clickhouse::Block & block)
    {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < block.GetRowCount(); ++i) {
            auto col_time = block[1]->AsStrict<clickhouse::ColumnTime>();
            auto col_time64_0 = block[2]->AsStrict<clickhouse::ColumnTime64>();
            auto col_time64_3 = block[3]->AsStrict<clickhouse::ColumnTime64>();
            auto col_time64_6 = block[4]->AsStrict<clickhouse::ColumnTime64>();

            std::chrono::seconds time{col_time->At(i)};
            std::chrono::seconds time64_0{col_time64_0->At(i)};
            std::chrono::milliseconds time64_3{col_time64_3->At(i)};
            std::chrono::microseconds time64_6{col_time64_6->At(i)};

            std::cout << std::format(
                "{}\t{}\t{}\t{}\n", 
                std::chrono::hh_mm_ss{time},
                std::chrono::hh_mm_ss{time64_0},
                std::chrono::hh_mm_ss{time64_3},
                std::chrono::hh_mm_ss{time64_6}
            );
        }
    });

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR adds first-class support for ClickHouse Time / Time64 types in the C++ client library, including type parsing, column implementations, ItemView validation/printing, and unit/integration tests to verify roundtrip + client behavior.

Changes:

• Introduce Type::Time / Type::Time64 (incl. Time64Type) and extend the type parser to recognize both.
• Add new columns ColumnTime and ColumnTime64, wire them into the column factory, and update ItemView validation + test utilities output formatting.
• Expand UT coverage (ItemView, column behavior, parsing, client roundtrip) and adjust CI workflows (ClickHouse image/secrets).

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 23 out of 23 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
ut/value_generators.h	Adds MakeTime / MakeTime64 generators for new time-based tests.
ut/value_generators.cpp	Implements MakeTime() value set including positive/negative cases.
ut/utils_ut.cpp	Extends ItemView ostream serialization tests for Time/Time64.
ut/utils.cpp	Adds Time/Time64 formatting cases to ItemView ostream output.
ut/type_parser_ut.cpp	Adds parser tests for Time and Time64(precision).
ut/roundtrip_column.cpp	Enables server setting needed to roundtrip Time/Time64.
ut/itemview_ut.cpp	Adds ItemView type-size tests for Time and Time64.
ut/columns_ut.cpp	Adds column unit tests for appending/constructing ColumnTime/ColumnTime64.
ut/client_ut.cpp	Adds integration tests verifying insertion/selection and string rendering for Time/Time64.
ut/Column_ut.cpp	Adds generic column roundtrip test cases for Time/Time64 at multiple precisions.
clickhouse/types/types.h	Extends Type::Code and introduces Time64Type + factory methods.
clickhouse/types/types.cpp	Implements Time/Time64 naming and Time64Type validation + naming.
clickhouse/types/type_parser.cpp	Registers Time/Time64 keywords in the type-code map.
clickhouse/columns/time.h	New ColumnTime and ColumnTime64 public column APIs.
clickhouse/columns/time.cpp	Implements storage, IO, slicing, swapping, and ItemView exposure for time columns.
clickhouse/columns/itemview.cpp	Extends ItemView size validation for Time (4 bytes) and Time64 (8 bytes).
clickhouse/columns/factory.cpp	Wires Time/Time64 into CreateColumnByType terminal factory.
clickhouse/client.h	Exposes time columns via the public client header includes.
clickhouse/CMakeLists.txt	Adds columns/time.cpp to the library build sources.
.github/workflows/windows_msvc.yml	Updates CI secrets/host wiring for Windows MSVC runs.
.github/workflows/windows_mingw.yml	Updates CI secrets/host wiring for Windows MinGW runs.
.github/workflows/macos.yml	Updates CI secrets/host wiring for macOS runs.
.github/workflows/linux.yml	Updates ClickHouse server image and container startup options for Linux CI.

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