Convert node and symbol links into checker-local sparse arrays with per-property getters and setters

[weswigham]

Was talking about this with @ahejlsberg the other day. Still to need rerun perf tests to verify that this still gets us some perf gains (I put up #19163 a long time ago, but we hesitated on it because the API was eh, despite the perf gains); but this API (thanks for the suggestions @ahejlsberg) is actually nicer than our older symbol links API (in addition to being monomorphic), since adding new ones is easy and doesn't require synchronizing types. I'll have some perf testing results up soon.

As an aside, while refactoring I discovered we actually had two unused NodeLinks members - resolvedIndexInfo and resolvedJsxElementAllAttributesType. They are simply gone, now.

[weswigham]

At least in node 9.9, it looks like this no longer helps blanket performance, just memory usage (although 3-5% memory usage improvements are pretty nice):

Metric	master	cached-bacon	Delta	Best	Worst
Compiler - node (v9.9.0, x64)
Memory used	189,180k (± 0.60%)	180,201k (± 0.05%)	-8,979k (- 4.75%)	180,082k	180,532k
Parse Time	0.80s (± 6.76%)	0.84s (± 7.17%)	+0.03s (+ 4.23%)	0.74s	1.03s
Bind Time	0.91s (± 2.64%)	0.95s (± 7.41%)	+0.04s (+ 4.28%)	0.78s	1.12s
Check Time	3.42s (± 1.93%)	3.61s (± 3.67%)	+0.19s (+ 5.68%)	3.39s	3.85s
Emit Time	2.65s (± 0.73%)	2.74s (± 3.35%)	+0.09s (+ 3.36%)	2.58s	2.96s
Total Time	7.78s (± 1.36%)	8.14s (± 3.59%)	+0.36s (+ 4.62%)	7.70s	8.84s
Compiler - Unions - node (v9.9.0, x64)
Memory used	216,173k (± 0.49%)	208,412k (± 0.49%)	-7,761k (- 3.59%)	207,190k	210,574k
Parse Time	0.71s (± 2.28%)	0.71s (± 2.66%)	-0.01s (- 0.84%)	0.67s	0.76s
Bind Time	0.86s (± 3.09%)	0.88s (± 2.39%)	+0.02s (+ 2.69%)	0.85s	0.93s
Check Time	10.38s (± 0.61%)	10.24s (± 0.43%)	-0.14s (- 1.35%)	10.17s	10.38s
Emit Time	2.46s (± 1.51%)	2.41s (± 0.87%)	-0.05s (- 2.03%)	2.37s	2.47s
Total Time	14.42s (± 0.62%)	14.24s (± 0.39%)	-0.17s (- 1.21%)	14.14s	14.36s
Monaco - node (v9.9.0, x64)
Memory used	356,892k (± 0.02%)	343,531k (± 0.02%)	-13,362k (- 3.74%)	343,357k	343,673k
Parse Time	1.67s (± 2.47%)	1.76s (± 4.46%)	+0.09s (+ 5.15%)	1.64s	1.96s
Bind Time	0.81s (± 1.64%)	0.81s (± 4.68%)	-0.01s (- 0.62%)	0.68s	0.88s
Check Time	3.91s (± 1.14%)	4.00s (± 2.05%)	+0.08s (+ 2.17%)	3.85s	4.12s
Emit Time	3.59s (± 1.90%)	3.75s (± 4.17%)	+0.16s (+ 4.54%)	3.51s	4.33s
Total Time	9.98s (± 0.99%)	10.31s (± 1.89%)	+0.33s (+ 3.28%)	9.85s	10.86s
TFS - node (v9.9.0, x64)
Memory used	312,920k (± 0.01%)	296,075k (± 0.01%)	-16,846k (- 5.38%)	296,016k	296,186k
Parse Time	1.17s (± 0.70%)	1.17s (± 1.95%)	0.00s ( 0.00%)	1.14s	1.25s
Bind Time	0.59s (± 2.51%)	0.59s (± 0.99%)	-0.01s (- 1.34%)	0.58s	0.60s
Check Time	3.70s (± 0.90%)	3.67s (± 0.92%)	-0.03s (- 0.92%)	3.63s	3.79s
Emit Time	3.21s (± 2.75%)	3.16s (± 1.35%)	-0.05s (- 1.65%)	3.08s	3.27s
Total Time	8.68s (± 1.18%)	8.58s (± 0.56%)	-0.10s (- 1.13%)	8.44s	8.70s
skype4life - node (v9.9.0, x64)
Memory used	826,964k (± 0.00%)	800,319k (± 0.01%)	-26,645k (- 3.22%)	800,125k	800,414k
Parse Time	4.71s (± 1.39%)	4.88s (± 4.80%)	+0.17s (+ 3.66%)	4.61s	5.56s
Bind Time	1.46s (± 1.54%)	1.51s (± 7.24%)	+0.05s (+ 3.50%)	1.43s	1.94s
Check Time	15.13s (± 1.07%)	15.41s (± 5.37%)	+0.28s (+ 1.82%)	14.67s	18.64s
Emit Time	10.28s (± 0.83%)	10.15s (± 3.34%)	-0.13s (- 1.26%)	9.53s	11.09s
Total Time	31.57s (± 0.72%)	31.94s (± 4.20%)	+0.37s (+ 1.16%)	30.65s	37.23s

not really scientific since the iteration count is so low, though. Need to get the perf testing machine running again, I think. In any case, I'll try for some more stable numbers overnight.

[weswigham]

Yeah, the node 11 runs on windows look quite a bit like the node 9 ones. Memory improvements, but no perf change.